Felon Disenfranchisement Essay

Disappointed criminals ought to be reintegrated into society and recoup their entitlement to cast a ballot. Disappointment is the harshest common assent forced by a popularity based society. A portion of the issues associated with disappointment incorporate bigotry, erroneous surveys, and the enormous measure of individuals influenced. In the event that the voice of the whole populace does exclude all sources and plans, the surveys won't be exact. In Camilli’s research, it is expected that the liberation of the populace is significant for a reasonable and viable just network: those represented by this network must have the option to cast a ballot. (2-3). Prejudice, albeit apparently not the current subject, is in reality an essential supporter of this issue. One such impediment of criminal disappointment is the unbalanced effect of criminal disappointment on racial minorities in the United States, additionally the nearby political race vote sums in late unmistakable races whic h may have been swung by the presence of criminal disappointment. As Joseph Camilli brings up, disappointment has a lopsided effect upon racial minorities. African Americans are influenced more and furthermore men are influenced more when all is said in done. This delivers the contention that the result is supremacist or even misogynist. This is significant when taking a gander at ongoing decisions including racial minorities (3). Regardless of whether the craving isn't proposed to have bigot results, now and again disappointment laws despite everything do. In Elizabeth Hulls research, she clarifies the quantity of dark adolescents in the corrective framework, 40% of whom will be restricted from casting a ballot during a few or the entirety of their grown-up lives is astoundingly high. Many are first-time wrongdoers who promptly acknowledge a liable supplication in return for probation. All the while, they regularly relinquish casting a ballot rights before they have even had a chance to practice them. Given these outcomes, it is not really astounding that the United States Civil Rights Commission as of late presumed that the disappointment of ex-convicts is â€Å"the greatest obstruction to dark democratic since the survey tax†(Hull 1). All things considered, possibly disappointing the nation’s future isn't the best thought. Bigotry is an enormous issue of disappointment. Disappointment additionally influences this nation’s surveys since huge gatherings of individuals are not spoken to. The sheer number of criminals with no option to cast a ballot slants the decisions, particularly those on the nearby level, and littler networks. In the event that the measure of criminals were not all that good, it may not be such a significant issue. Since around one out of each forty-four individuals can't cast a ballot, it suggests that the surveys are not exact. Disappointment is devastating in certain territories where casting a ballot ought to be significant. Little people group are totally underrepresented, and a little gathering has a bigger impact. This largy affects certain issues when the whole populace is required to settle on a sound decision. Criminals have served their sentence; they ought to be reintegrated into standard society as easily as could be expected under the circumstances. It likewise might be a hindrance to future wrongdoing if they somehow managed to have the option to re-experience a typical life, and incorporate the entirety of the rights they were absent. Maybe they would even see how significant their privileges were and serve to dishearten individual individuals from the network from future wrongdoing. Ex-Felons merit the option to cast a ballot and for a solid popularity based network ought not be disappointed. In certain urban areas, in excess of 50 percent of youthful African-American men are disappointed. A lion's share of jail prisoners are African-Americans. Twelve percent of all African-American men in their twenties are detained. This recommends of the current populace, in excess of 33% of the dark male network will be disappointed. In excess of 33% of the 4.7 million disappointed criminals are African-Americans. In four of the states with lifetime bans for criminals, a quarter (Virginia, Iowa) and a third (Florida, Alabama) of every single dark man are ineligible to cast a ballot. As noted in Guy Stuart’s research, somewhere in the range of 1935 and 1970, around 106 out of 100,000 Americans were imprisoned in government or state jail; by 1980, the rate was 139 for each 100,000; and in 2000, it was 478 for every 100,000. The increments have not been exclusively bound to those imprisoned; the prison populace and the number waiting on the post trial process and parole have additionally expanded, from 662 for every 100,000 of every 1980 to 1,878 out of 2000. Besides, the high detainment rates lopsidedly influence African Americans and Latinos (5). â€Å"In its 1974 choice in Richardson v. Ramirez, the Supreme Court held that this language in the Fourteenth Amendment (the supposed Penalty Clause) gives an agreed authorization to probably a few types of criminal disenfranchisement,† (Hinchcliff 1). Hinchcliff likewise pointsâ out that disappointment upon minorities right currently is more noteworthy than in some other time ever, particularly upon African American guys (1). The correcting law in 1984 indicated that in the event that they brought about prejudice in spite of goals, it would be illegal. About 3.9 million residents in the U.S. couldn't partake in this year’s political race, in light of U.S. disappointment laws with respect to indicted criminals. It is additionally imperative to concentrate on future impediments, for example, how much the United States populace has expanded in the previous not many decades. Further impediments that obstruct felons’ reintegration and long lasting boundaries that influence their whole future are troubles in business, purchasing or leasing a house, setting off for college, and different favorable circumstances open to general society. These ex-criminals are consistently rebuffed by society. They should state in the event that they have a lawful offense when endeavoring to increase work. The government asserts that it is the state’s privilege. This creates a lot of turmoil, and numerous criminals had the option to cast a ballot in their general vicinity yet didn't have any acquaintance with it because of the regular misinterpretation that criminals couldn't cast a ballot. A few states boycott casting a ballot by criminals waiting on the post trial process or parole or even the individuals who are not, at this point under any management by the criminal-equity framework. Criminals ought to be rebuffed however not constantly for the duration of their lives. When their obligation to society has been reimbursed, for what reason should their privileges despite everything be relinquished? On the off chance that individuals show lawbreakers that their votes checked after they were discharged from jail maybe it would energize decent conduct. For what reason should these criminals be prohibited when they are likewise influenced by chosen pioneers? As per Siegel’s research, Today, there are more than 1. 5Million grown-ups at present detained in state or government offices, with an extra 700,000 people spending time in jail In neighborhood correctional facilities (Sabol and Couture, 2008). Minorities of shading are seriously overrepresented inside the criminal equity framework. (In spite of speaking to 13 percent of the U.S. populace, African Americans make 38 percent out of by and by imprisoned detainees; also, Hispanic all out a little more than 15 percent of the general populace and 20 percent of prisoners. (1) According to the examina tion done by Guy Stuart, U.S. imprisonment rates have been increasing rapidly in the previous barely any decades. The majority of the nation has disappointment laws. Right around 40% of those disappointed are African American men. Somewhat more than six percent of the African American people group has been disappointed. â€Å"This level of disfranchisement may haveâ had a critical effect on discretionary results in various states in the course of recent years, to a great extent in light of the fact that those disfranchised would almost certain host decided in favor of the Democratic Gathering candidate† (1). A few people propose a chill off period. They accept the criminal ought to need to sit tight for quite a long time subsequent to serving his/her sentence. Here and there this is so out of sight hand that the criminal would bite the dust of mature age before he/she could cast a ballot once more. They ought to be allowed to demonstrate they have been restored. Another contention against this shameful disappointment is the criminal realized the wrongdoing called for disciplines, including loss of benefits. A few people accept since they definitely realized the disciplines in question, that the ex-criminals ought not be given a subsequent chance. A lawful offense ought not require a lifetime discipline, particularly when the wrongdoing doesn't generally fit the discipline. Disappointment is unethical, unbeneficial, and illicit. Except if an ex-criminal has perpetrated voter misrepresentation, for what reason should their discipline incorporate disappointment? Since it influences to a great extent African American men more than other social and ethnic foundations, it has maybe unintended supremacist results. Criminals have just served their sentence with their jail time and any fines they may have needed to pay. A lifelong incarceration is a pointless expansion to their sentence. They may not feel acknowledged by individuals on the off chance that they can't cast a ballot. Typically individuals may need an ex-criminal to feel truly comfortable in the public eye so as not to distance them. Surveys that are precise are imperative to all individuals, since they don't simply influence honest residents. They likewise influence criminals and ex-criminals. Works refered to Camilli, Joseph â€Å"Minnesota’s Felon Disenfranchisement: A Historical Legal Relic, Rooted in Bigotry, That Fails To Satisfy a Legitimate Penological Interest.† Hamline Journal Of Open Law and Policy 33.1 (2011): 235-267. Lawful Collection. Web. 23 Apr. 2013. Hinchcliff, Abigail M. â€Å"The ‘Other’ side Of Richardson V. Ramirez: A Textual Challenge To Criminal Disenfranchisement.† Yale Law Journal 121.1 (2011): 194-236. Scholastic Search Tip top. Web. 23 Apr. 2013. Body, Elizabeth. â€Å"Disenfranchising Ex-Felons: What’s the Point?† 1 Mar. 2003. Web. 3 Blemish. 2013. Siegel, Jonah A. â€Å"Felon Disenfranchisement and the Fight for Universal Suffrage.† Social Work 56.1 (2011): 89. MasterFILE Premier. Web. 23 Apr. 2013. Stuart, Guy. â€Å"Databases, Felons, and Voting: Bias and Partisanship of the Florida

The economic growth and financial development relating to brazil Essay

The monetary development and money related improvement identifying with brazil - Essay Example The financial capability of Brazil, the solid worldwide interest for its items, consistent outcomes from its monetary strategies and achievement variables of its major worldwide players have in the long run helped the nation become perhaps the most splendid beginning on the planet economy (Brainard, 2009, p. 1-2) This bit of research paper presents a writing audit on the monetary development and money related advancement in Brazil, in view of different financial hypothesis and formative ideas. This paper investigates achievement components of the financial markers that helped Brazil become one of the quickest developing economies. Encircling the exploration The macroeconomic ideas with respect to Economic development will be nitty gritty and clarified in the paper so as to look into observational outcomes and hypothesis comparable to the financial development in Brazil. Various perspectives in regards to financial development are point by point and these are applied with the instance of the monetary development of Brazil. With regards to Brazil’s financial development it has totally different occasions of monetary development, one if high pace of monetary development in the mid 1960s and 1970s, and generally less pace of financial development from 1980s till date. Brazil’s macroeconomic pointers of its financial development and main impetuses are additionally nitty gritty. The significant pointers were profitability, industrialization, putting resources into individuals and building up the assets and innovative advances. This paper audits different literary works on these macroeconomic markers comparable to the monetary development of Brazil. ... capability of Brazil, the solid worldwide interest for its items, consistent outcomes from its financial strategies and achievement elements of its major worldwide players have in the long run helped the nation become probably the most splendid beginning on the planet economy (Brainard, 2009, p. 1-2) This bit of research paper presents a writing survey on the monetary development and budgetary improvement in Brazil, in light of different financial hypothesis and formative ideas. This paper dissects achievement variables of the financial markers that helped Brazil become one of the quickest developing economies. Confining the examination The macroeconomic ideas in regards to Economic development will be itemized and clarified in the paper so as to thoroughly analyze exact outcomes and hypothesis comparable to the financial development in Brazil. Various perspectives in regards to financial development are point by point and these are applied with the instance of the monetary developme nt of Brazil. With regards to Brazil’s financial development it has altogether different occasions of monetary development, one if high pace of monetary development in the mid 1960s and 1970s, and generally less pace of financial development from 1980s till date. Brazil’s macroeconomic markers of its monetary development and main thrusts are additionally point by point. The significant pointers were profitability, industrialization, putting resources into individuals and building up the assets and innovative advances. This paper surveys different writings on these macroeconomic markers corresponding to the financial development of Brazil. Financial thought of Economic Growth Economists characterized monetary development as either: An expansion in the genuine GDP happening inside a specific timeframe, or An increment in genuine GDP per capita happening inside a timeframe. Both these definitions show that financial development is determined as

Beat Your Competition with Social Media Analysis and NetBase

Beat Your Competition with Social Media Analysis and NetBase Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!Beat Your Competition with Social Media Analysis and NetBaseUpdated On 18/10/2019Author : Ram kumarTopic : Social MediaShort URL : https://hbb.me/2MMob3r CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogWhen it comes to marketing, social media is one of the best options that a brand can choose. Whether you are a large enterprise or a small start-up, there are a long list of reasons to use social media. It probably goes without saying that your competition is on social media. Although there are many schools of thought regarding how brands should deal with their competitors, it’s always important to know what they have going on, including what’s working and what isn’t. With social media analysis, you can get a good understanding of your competition in a short amount of time.Competitor Social Media AnalysisFor starters, NetBase is a company that provides brands with the tools they need to conduct a deep dive analysis of social media, including the competition. You can essentially find out the sentiment of consumers regarding your competitors and use that information in the development of a more effective marketing strategy. There are many times when a brand must pivot after gathering information about the competition and NetBase makes that process easier. Subsequently, you can be more strategic about your marketing endeavors.One way to leverage the power of social media analysis is by using it to understand the sentiment concerning your competition. This can enable you to meet the needs that exist. Sometimes you can do this by uncovering areas where your competitor’s customers are dissatisfied. This too is information that can be obtained through social media analysis using NetBase tools. They offer a powerful system that can help you develop strategic marketing plans based on insights from social listening.Uncover the Interests of Your Target AudienceCondu cting a social media analysis of your competitors can help you find out the type of content they find most interesting. This can aid in choosing the type of social media posts that will resonate with your audience. This information is readily available with the right tools. Instead of making assumptions about what to post on Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook and Instagram, you can analyze what’s happening with your competition and make a decision accordingly.READHow To Create A Social PlanA powerful piece of information that you can obtain is the expectations that consumers have about a product or service. This is available by analyzing the competition because it’s easy to find in comments and product reviews, which are everywhere. You can find these details online, but effectively synthesizing the information requires the help of the most up-to-date and modern technology.Analyzing Marketing CampaignsYour marketing campaigns are not the only ones that need to be analyzed. You should a lso look closely at your competitor’s marketing. Why? Because it can help you understand what’s working and what isn’t working. If you pay close enough attention, you can use the data to avoid making mistakes and exploit. It’s important to use the right tools because this type of analysis can be a masterful undertaking. However, it can be simplified with some of the latest technologies.When assessing the data obtained about your competition, the likes and dislikes are critical. You can use them to find out what your competitor is doing right and what they’re doing wrong. Trends today don’t last very long. In fact, you’ll need to conduct a social media analysis on a consistent basis to make sure you understand what’s current. What was hot last month, may not be on anyone’s radar this month. If your competition has this information, you should too. More brands than ever before are becoming more savvy in the use of social media analytics.

Top 10 Books about Ecofeminism

Ecofeminism has grown since the 1970s, blending and furthering activism, feminist theory, and ecological perspectives. Many people want to connect feminism and environmental justice but arent sure where to begin. Here is a list of 10 books about ecofeminism to get you started: Ecofeminism by Maria Mies and Vandana Shiva (1993)This important text explores the links between patriarchal society and environmental destruction. Vandana Shiva, a physicist with expertise in ecology and environmental policy, and Maria Mies, a feminist social scientist, write about colonization, reproduction, biodiversity, food, soil, sustainable development, and other issues.Ecofeminism and the Sacred edited by Carol Adams (1993)An exploration of women, ecology, and ethics, this anthology includes topics such as Buddhism, Judaism, Shamanism, nuclear power plants, land in urban life and Afrowomanism. Editor Carol Adams is a feminist-vegan-activist who also wrote The Sexual Politics of Meat.Ecofeminist Philosophy: A Western Perspective on What It Is and Why It Matters by Karen J. Warren (2000)An explanation of the key issues and arguments of ecofeminism from the noted environmental feminist philosopher.Ecological Politics: Ecofeminists and the Greens by Greta Gaard (1998)An in-depth look at the parallel development of ecofeminism and the Green party in the United States.Feminism and the Mastery of Nature by Val Plumwood (1993)A philosophical - as in, Plato and Descartes philosophical - look at how feminism and radical environmentalism intertwine. Val Plumwood examines oppression of nature, gender, race, and class, looking at what she calls a further frontier for feminist theory.Fertile Ground: Women, Earth and the Limits of Control by Irene Diamond (1994)A provocative reexamination of the notion of controlling either the Earth or womens bodies.Healing the Wounds: The Promise of Ecofeminism edited by Judith Plant (1989)A collection exploring the link between women and nature with thoughts on mind, body, spirit and personal and political theory.Intimate Nature: The Bond Between Women and Animals edited by Linda Hogan, Deena Metzger and Brenda Peterson (1997)A mix of stories, essays, and poems about animals, women, wisdom and the natural world from an array of wom en authors, scientists, and naturalists. Contributors include Diane Ackerman, Jane Goodall, Barbara Kingsolver, and Ursula Le Guin.Longing for Running Water: Ecofeminism and Liberation by Ivone Gebara (1999)A look at how and why ecofeminism is born from the day-to-day struggle to survive, particularly when some social classes suffer more than others. Topics include patriarchal epistemology, ecofeminist epistemology and Jesus from an ecofeminist perspective.Refuge by Terry Tempest Williams (1992)A combination memoir and naturalist exploration, Refuge details the death of the authors mother from breast cancer along with the slow flooding that destroys an environmental bird sanctuary.

The Birthday I ll Never Forget - 916 Words

â€Å" The Birthday I’ll Never Forget† I remember the time on my birthday when I thought I wasn’t going to have a great birthday. Which was no surprise to me because I was use to being disappointed on this day. But this time, I was hoping for change last thing I need is another depressing year. I didn’t want to ask for much because I’m in a different state which is in Virginia when all my friends and most my family are back at home in Tennessee. I just wanted it to be different this time, I just want to be happy on my birthday. So I start by waking up early which I was not use to doing every day because I’m not a morning person at all but today was a special day, so I ate some breakfast which was some oatmeal and a banana to start day right. I checked my phone to look see if I had notifications on Facebook seeing if people wish me happy birthday which they did and I was happy about that. The first thing on my list was to get my nails done I wanted to treat myself the way I deserve. 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Pornographic Videos On Today s Society - 1605 Words

Pornographic videos in today’s society have become more and more accessible to everyone from pre-teens to older adults, essentially anyone who has access to the internet on either a phone or a computer they have the ability to access pornography. While most of us think adolescents view porn when they are older; O’Sullivan and Ronis (2013) found that viewing of pornography begins at early ages. In exploring viewing rates of pornography by adolescents, O’Sullivan and Ronis (2013) found that 85% of boys and 42% of girls have viewed pornography intentionally. It is clear that pornography is reaching young boys and girls at younger and younger ages and is becoming the main source of sexual education for them as well as for adults (Vannier, Currie, and O’Sullivan, 2013). It is a very tight rope we walk when consuming pornography. 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Leather Tannery Industry In Northern India â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Leather Tannery Industry In Northern India? Answer: Introducation The leather is a one of the most valuable and broadly traded across the nations worldwide. The Indiantion of leather/skins is 12.93%. This production is majorly for footwear and furniture use(G. Thyagarajan, 2010). The leather industry in the country has been the major export earning exchange though it has undergone numerous crisis through the imposition of bans due to the environmental pollution which comes along as the consequential manufacture of leather. The Ganga river is the largest river in India and the most populated river along its banks(Kumar, 2010). The river has its source from a wide coverage of the Himalayan mountains and has a stretch in length of 2510 km in the eastwards direction and crosses over the Bay of Bengal plains. The river stream flows through some towns in the India like Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal and Bihar in the southeast plains of India(Sankar, 2012). The leather is a raw product for the manufacture of footwear and other valuable costumes and goods. This industry has the potential drive from the fashion market, moreover, it has led to the expansion of the fashion industry globally. The production process of leather is financial and labour intensive hence it has been a great source of employment for the large Indian population living around Ganga River in the Northern India(Sinha, 2016). The leather industry is basically located along the Ganges River due to the need for water which is a critical necessity in the leather production industry for purposes of it being the main compound for solvents and cleaning of leather after tanning process. The involvement of the Indian government through interventions and asserting legislation and stipulation of policies have greatly influenced the leather industry through exportations of the products. There is a large number of people employed in the leather industry due to its labor-intensive nature with a very high number of the employed workforce of about 2.5 million people. This creation of employment opportunities has significantly raised the life of the locals liv9ing along the river(Sinha, 2012). The production of leather has led to international commercial business trading across the globe and this has led the government to provide their finance and material support to ensure the foreign exchange is completely in the flow. Although leather production has shown a significant margin in the boosting of the Indian economy, its a huge threat to the environment due to its pollution rates which are less controlled. Some social impacts of the industry are that they are influencing the demographic patterns of the countrys population. Due to the demand of water supply for the leather industries, they are geographically located along River Ganges and a consequent increase in population along the river banks and rise in rapid urbanization(Holick, 2008). The increase in population has therefore led to poor living standards due to congestion with respect to the availability of social resources. The industry has been affected by various factors such a band; both international and domestic bans. The major serious band that hit the industry in the recent times was the ban that was imposed on the exportation of leather by the German government. The German(Sanghi, 2013). This product which is a major constituent of leather during its production had been used as a pesticide and research proves that its a carcinogenic compound. Water being the most abundant natural resource for human survival should be the sole resource embraced by the human; it contains the very vital and essential compounds that are usedNorthern India. The river has a large number of dependents of millions in numbers, however, its the main source of water for sustainability of life, health, spiritual rituals and the sobriety of life for the people of Northern India. Numerous impacts are coupled with the establishment of the many leather industries along the Ganges River the Northern India. The tanning process (is the process of making leather which does not decompose from skin and hides of animals) is one in which there is a huge production of solid waste and waste water(Varadarajan, n.d.). This process involves the production of different types of waste materials inclusively all dimensions of the surrounding. Tanning is a process that contributes to more than half the quantity of pollutants that are discharged from the production industry. The mineral tanning process of leather is such critical and has life threatening outcomes. The prickling method of leather tanning in the industry is done by use of minerals that are naturally occurring. Mineral chromium (chromium sulphate) is one of the sole compound used for the tanning process of leather by introducing the approximate volume to the leather until penetration level desired is achieved. The main risk is that the chromium and its compounds are water soluble making the waste discharge to be a major source of chromium into the Ganges River. Although the post tanning process includes minor treatments of the leather, it has very minimal and controlled pollution rates. Pollution in the river is quite dynamic and the waste is sourced from vast agents. The sources are categorically human wastes, industrial wastes, and sewage disposal(Kaul., et al., 2009). This affects the nature and quality in terms of the microbiological nature and physiochemical composition of the water both for human and industrial use. Some major agents of pollutants from the domestic sources are salts, human waste disposal which is directly or indirectly discharged into the river system, human carcasses especially for infants, fertilizers and other chemicals like salts, chlorides, pesticides, oil and grease. The main industrial pollutants are by-products and chemicals used in excess from the very many industries located along the river. These compounds are raw and they are discharged before treatment is conducted to avoid the contamination(Rawat, 2011). Other contributing factors to the pollution of the river are the open defecation in the water, immersion of spiritual idols for the religious practices of the Hindu community. Use of soaps for washing and bathing is another critical factor contributing to pollution. Various research activities show that chromium; a major environmental pollutant from the leather industry is very dangerous to human life. It can get into the human body system from air, food, water and some other human goods for basic consumptions. Chromium causes acute diseases such as respiratory complications, skin inflammations, lung cancer and nasal complications. Several measures have been taken to control in the position to manage the industrial pollution from the leather industry in the country. There has been several policies and legislations of the constitution with a sole aim to protect the environment of India. The boards formed in the country, for instance, the State Pollution Control Boards have been mandated by the national board that oversees the matters of environmental pollution is taken into account. The boards have laid out the national environmental standards and laws which must be strictly applied across the industry for the conservation of environment(Luna Bharati, et al., 2016). The companies that shall not adhere to the laws are in the risk of incurring huge penalties that shall be subjected to them. Other terms of punishment in the recent times were subjection imprisonment. The government has as well implemented regulations on the establishment of treatment plants. This is a sectiondischarged into the river system. Minimal water discharge from the leather tanneries from their points of discharge through a scientific process of reverse osmosis. Creation of organization of research and expertise teams to work on regulating and managing the tannery waste through reusing some of its useful components. The tanneries are subjected to national control systems of observing the amount of water they consume and discharge during the various processes of tanning. They comply to such by installing water flow meters to their systems. Underground water is under control to avoid the pollution of land for agricultural purposes. recovered water can be used for other purposes like reuse in the same production system. The leather industry in the country has a significant role in the economic growth and creation of jobs. It involves stiff competition from other producers like China and faces numerous barriers such as environmental regulations and the quality standards of the leather products. Pollution is the biggest blow that comes from these industries and stringent measure must be put in place to conserve the water in the Ganges River which has about 400 million defendants(Ahluwalia, 2015). Chromium is a life threatening waste from the leather tanning process, hence to minimize its drastic and deteriorating effects on human life and environment the government has to come into control of the whole system of production. References Ahluwalia, V., 2015. Environmental Studies. In: New Delhi: The Energy and Resource Institute. Thyagarajan, A. V. S. A. A., 2010. Indian Leather. In: Technology Assesment and Forecasting in Leather Sector. Calcutta: Central Leather Research Institute. Holick, J. C., 2008. A Journey Down the Ganges River. In: New Delhi: Island Press. Kaul., S., Nandy., T. Gautam, A., 2009. Waste Water Management. In: New Delhi: Discovery Publishing House. Kumar, S. C., 2010. Indian Leather Industry. In: Growth, Productivity and Export Performance. New Delhi: APH Publishing Corporation. Luna Bharati, Bharat R. Sharma Smakhtin, V., 2016. Ganges River Basin. In: Calcutta: Routledge. Rawat, R. S., 2011. Reconsidering Untouchability. In: New Delhi: Indian University Press. Sanghi, R., 2013. Our National River Ganga. In: Technology and Engineering. Bangalore: Springer Science and Business Media. Sankar, U., 2012. Trade and Environment. In: New Delhi: Oxford University Press. Sinha, A., 2016. Globalizing India. In: Chennai: Cambridge University Press. Sinha, S., 2012. Leather Industry and Trade. In: Calcutta: Oxford and IBH Publishing Company. Varadarajan, D. B., n.d. Environmental Implications of Leather. In: New Delhi: Ashish Publishing House, p. 2009.

20 Narrative Essay Topics on Arranged Marriages in India

20 Narrative Essay Topics on Arranged Marriages in India If you are tasked with writing a narrative essay on arranged marriages in India, then you might be looking for a prompt, or topic, that you can use to make your writing piece the best piece possible. If so, there are twenty useful topics below on the idea of arranged marriages: Why Divorce Rates Are Lower Among Contractual Marriages in India How Loving Indian Parents Should Evaluate Potential Matches In a Marriage A Time When You Had to Fulfill Your Parents Wishes And You Found That In Doing So You Were Much Happier A Personal Story Which Exemplifies How Respect and Trust You Had For Someone Else Transformed Into Love A Time When You Realized the Foundation for Love Was Not Just Feelings It Takes a Lifetime to Learn How to Love Someone in Indian Arranged Marriages Explain Why Brides Need a Dowry in India The Theme of Commitment Involved in Arranged Marriages in India A Time You Made a True Commitment to Something, With No Visible Exit Strategy A Story About a Time You Challenged What Your Parents Wanted For You An Event in Your Life Where You Were Considered an Embarrassment in Your Social Circles For Choosing Something A Time In Your Life Where You Made a Decision Based on a Commitment and Not on Feelings A Time When You Were Encouraged By Individuals or Society to Seek the Approval of A Potential Mate Above All Else A Time When Your Parents Were Responsible for Making a Large Life Decision For You, Similar to An Arranged Marriage in Terms of the Life Impact It Has A Special Celebration or Tradition In Your Family Where Blessings Are Bestowed Upon the People for Whom the Party is Thrown A Time When You Were Asked to Make a Life Altering Decision But You Learned New Information About The Decision After It Was Made An Event Where You Witnessed Real Love Growing or Dying Between Two People What Traits You Were Taught Were Important In Order for You To Become a Successful Adult, Taught When You Were a Child A Time When You Felt Forced to Make a Decision You Did Not Want A Time or Event In Your Life Where You Learned Something New About Someone You Had Lukewarm Feelings For Sample Narrative Essay on the Foundation for Love I never realized. How was I so blind? Steven was there, always there. I was foolish, young, and full of the spirit of adventure. Not wanting to sit still, and certainly not wanting to listen to my parents, I let my young whims and desires run away with me, so to speak. I had my best friend nearby, sure, but he was there to lend a hand in picking up the pieces after I had been broken, or to fill in the dead air when no other plans were made. I was not yet cognizant of the unfairness with which he was treated, or that I had viewed him incorrectly the entire time. To me, love was a silly notion, something that was used as an excuse for people who had religion on their side to get in between the sheets without the fiery wrath of their god or their parents. But I understand and appreciated many of the Greek words for love, such that they presented delineation between the love we feel for family members, for friends, and for those with whom we are intimately involved. I appreciated this thought, as it offered an explanation for the different feelings I had for different people in my life, rather than lumping them all together under one title. Broken, yet again, and sitting alone, there was no second thought about who to call. There was only one person I could stand to see and that one person was the perfect mixture of support, structure, and mutual trust. I was able to rely upon the one person to make me laugh. He never had to ask if I was not feeling well, or if something was wrong. He always knew how to make me laugh. He would say the perfect thing no matter the situation. Suddenly I was quite sick. I was taken over by a serious infection, something the doctors couldn’t diagnose. Multiple hospital visits, countless needles and blood, and restless days spent in bed were only made better by the regular, unasked for visits by my best friend. Never was I only subjected to hospital pillows and food, for he brought me both. Soon enough, a feeling of appreciation developed. I was appreciative for his kind acts. His refusal to leave the bedside, and to always care for me thereafter turned into something stronger. He stood up for what he believed in one day, against all manner of harassment, not backing down from his religion or his love of books. Witnessing this turned my feelings of appreciation into respect. I respected him for his convictions. This level of respect, over the course of many years converted itself into adoration and liking him. I liked him, wanted to be near him, and never wanted to be apart. But with time, this feeling too converted i tself into love. But this love was much stronger than any other love felt before and was unique in its foundation. It had taken me years, multiple years of trials and tribulations before I realized that there were feelings there which were much more important and significant than what many people foolishly considered â€Å"love†. Searching for that one person to make everything right, searching for that one person who was there without even being asked.

UMass Boston Admissions and Acceptance Rate

UMass Boston Admissions and Acceptance Rate The University of Massachusetts Boston is a public research university located in Boston, Massachusetts. The second-largest campus of the UMass system, it is the only public university in metropolitan Boston. The 177-acre waterfront campus sits on the edge of the Columbia Point Peninsula overlooking the bay and providing easy access to the cultural and recreational offerings of downtown Boston. UMass Boston has a student-faculty ratio of 16 to 1 and offers 65 undergraduate degree programs, 39 master’s degree programs, 13 doctoral programs, and 14 certificate programs. The top degrees awarded at the university include bachelor’s degrees in management, psychology, nursing, criminal justice, and English and master’s degrees in education, business administration and applied linguistics. Students have access to rich campus life, with over 100 clubs and organizations in addition to the amenities and culture of the surrounding community. The UMass Boston Beacons compete in NCAA Division III in the East Coast Athletic Conference and Little East Conference. Admissions Data (2016) UMass Boston Acceptance Rate: 69%GPA, SAT, and ACT Graph for UMass Boston AdmissionsTest Scores: 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: 470 / 580SAT Math: 490 / 600ACT Composite: 21 / 26ACT English: 20 / 26ACT Math:Â  22 / 27 Enrollment (2016) Total Enrollment: 16,847Â  (12,847 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 47%Â  male / 53% female72% full-time Costs (2016 - 17) Tuition and Fees: $13,435Â  (in-state); $32,023 (out-of-state)Books: $800Room and Board: $9,200Other Expenses: $2,956Total Cost: $26,391Â  (in-state); $44,979 (out-of-state) UMass Boston Financial Aid (2015 - 16) Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 81%Percentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 73%Loans: 50%Average Amount of AidGrants: $10,267Loans: $5,378 Academic Programs Most Popular Majors:Â  Biology, Business Administration, Criminal Justice, English, Exercise and Health Sciences, Nursing, Psychology Transfer, Graduation and Retention Rates First-Year Student Retention (full-time students): 79%Transfer Out Rate: 34%4-Year Graduation Rate: 18%6-Year Graduation Rate: 45% Intercollegiate Athletic Programs Mens Sports:Â  Lacrosse, Soccer, Track and Field, Tennis, Baseball, Basketball, Ice Hockey, Cross CountryWomens Sports:Â  Basketball, Ice Hockey, Soccer, Softball, Volleyball, Track and Field, Cross Country UMass Boston Mission Statement The University of Massachusetts Boston is a public research university with a dynamic culture of teaching and learning, and a special commitment to urban and global engagement. Our vibrant, multi-cultural educational environment encourages our broadly diverse campus community to thrive and succeed. Our distinguished scholarship, dedicated teaching, and engaged public service are mutually reinforcing, creating new knowledge while serving the public good of our city, our commonwealth, our nation, and our world.

SEA Statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

SEA Statement - Essay Example Although the Environmental Assessment (Scotland) Act 2005 (the Act) has now come into force, the first preparatory act of the Draft Strategy was undertaken prior to commencement of the Act, and therefore the SEA has been undertaken in accordance with the Regulations and not the Act. Strategic Environmental Assessment, "a systematic method for considering the likely environmental effects of plans, programmes and strategies, during their development" (Walker, May 2007, p.1), aims decision-making after integrating environmental factors, environmental protection improving plans and participation of common people. Moreover, a formal consultation concerning SEA process is being undertaken. The utmost criteria of the SEA process: "[s]coping Report sent to Consultation Authorities in October 2006 and Final Strategy and Post adoption SEA Statement" (The Scottish Government, 2008). The Dublin City Council made a study in quest of available scopes for developing a new major water source for the Greater Dublin Area in 2005 and the council adopted the findings found by the SEA after considering ER and stakeholder issues. SEA Directive was transposed in England to carry out strategic environmental assessment for transport plans and programmes in England following requirements set by SEA which integrates the Directive's requirements with existing transport appraisal processes. Basically the objective of the SEA Directive is described by Article 1: "the SEA Directive is to provide for a high level of protection of the environment and to contribute to the integration of environmental considerations into the preparation and adoption of plans ... with a view to promoting sustainable development." (TAG, December 2004) Guidance thus can be mentioned that SEA has been securing new plans for transportation which will include the transport plans, and now, centralised to local plan implementation for transplantation. Again, the guidance is not willing to be used as a law rather provides a "basis for understanding SEA, but is no substitute for giving

INDUSTRY AND EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS Assignment

INDUSTRY AND EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS - Assignment Example Competitive pricing strategy is an example of the effect of intensive industry rivalry. UK retail industry has been selected for this assignment. UK retail industry is quite complex and saturated. The major players within this industry are trying to back or support the purchasing power of people in order to achieve potential competitive advantages and significant market share. Hike in fuel price, troubled housing and mortgage market influenced the retail industry in UK to change the overall business strategy. The organizations within the industry are trying to provide discounted budget and value-added commodities to the people. Several interesting aspects behind the topic motivated to conduct a research work (Ellis-Chadwick, Doherty and Hart, 2002, pp.9-11). This assignment will reveal some interesting facts that will enhance the knowledge about global business environment and impact of external environment factors on it. ... The leading organizations within the similar industry are trying to capitalize on the potential competitive advantages that have been developed due to several favorable external environment factors. It is known to all that globalization, implementation of advanced technology, favorable economic and political business environment are the major growth drivers of several global industries. The assignment will try to reveal the impact of several external environment factors on the business performance of a specific industry. It will discuss about the current profitability situation of the industry and the major factors behind this profitability. Moreover, the assignment will try to discuss about the impact of these factors in future business perspective of that particular industry. UK retail industry has been selected for this assignment. Several leading organizations, such as Tesco, ASDA, Morrison’s and Sainsbury’s are competing with each other within this potential growin g industry. These organizations are implementing several competitive strategies in order to secure their existing market share within the UK retail industry (Lewis and Thomas, 1990, p.22). It is true that several industrial and external environmental factors are controlling the business growth of this industry. Political situation, economic growth, technological revolution and social trend are deciding the growth of current UK retail industry. Several theories have been applied in order to meet the objective of the study. The study will analyze the impact of these factors on the business performance of Tesco. In addition, the study will design the future effect of these factors on the organization. Methodology A proper and effective research is

The Introduction To The Education System Education Essay

The Introduction To The Education System Education Essay In my previous workplace and among the colleagues, we would talk about our children and their learning experience and share notes and tips base on our personal experiences. There were really no major challenges. It never occurs to me that there are still many children who are not in the most favorable condition to learn and to be what they can be. Being in the school has allowed me to interact with the children and learn more about the challenges they face every day, at home and in school. I was bought up and educated in the old days where it was very teacher directed on the blackboard. Our knowledge was learnt from textbooks, enhanced through pen and paper practices and drills and instructions were duly completed due to fear of being punished or ridiculed. There were no special need students, just naughty and lazy students whom the teachers gave up trying to teach them anything. The education system now is very different and my son, who is currently in Primary Six, is going through it. The current system aims to provide education equality, providing students of different learning ability the opportunity to be the best that they can be. It is no longer through pen and paper only, different types of manipulative and technologies come into use. Being untrained, I wonder how I am able to face and teach a class of 40 children, with different learning abilities and from diverse background. Before coming into training, I had practically little or no knowledge of the jargons, pedagogies or methodology used in education. I was not sure whether the method I was using to impart knowledge was applicable in the current context. I believe that the children will be able to feel if a teacher is sincere or not and they will be on task for the teacher if they can feel that sincerity. When I was a new student in a new secondary school at secondary two, the teacher-in-charge of the National Police Cadet Corps (NPCC), Mr Yang, made sure that I was on par with the rest of the cadets and that I was not left behind. That gave me the motivation to excel and I was awarded the Best Unit Cadet in secondary four. This has also given me the passion to continue to serve in NPCC in Junior College, University and even until now, I am still an adult volunteer in a secondary school as an Honorary Officer. I understand how a teacher can affect the students motivation and passion. I believe that different children learn at different pace and in different style and are able to excel in different areas. I like the quote by Albert Einstein, Everybody is a genius. But, if you judge a fish by its ability to climb a tree, itll spend its whole life believing that it is stupid. In Singapores Education System, every child is given equal opportunity for an education. And because every child is different, the resources required to help each of them would be different. The high ability child should be stretched further while the lower ability child must be given more support. Being untrained, I gave extra lesson to the weaker children before and after school as I was not sure how to carry out differentiated learning in class. I wonder if there is a different way of doing this, especially for some of the children who have learning difficulties. As a Physical Education teacher, I enjoy physical activities and sports and I believe that children learn through play because it is enjoyable. But playing the game and teaching the game are totally two different things. Being untrained, I have limited resources and much time was spent on the internet looking for suitable activities for the children of different levels. I also need to ensure that the activities are conducted in a safe environment with the appropriate equipment. I once read a book Change Your Questions, Change Your Life: 10 Powerful Tools for Life and Work by Marilee Adams. It changed the way I ask questions. Instead of asking why it happened, whose fault it was and what was wrong, I ask questions like how it can be done and what was working. By changing the questions, we direct our attention to positive feelings, possibilities and solutions. In school, I would sometime hear remarks like they are unable to excel because of their family background or they are at a disadvantage because other students are smarter or richer. I would ask them to change their questions. Instead of asking why they cannot do it, they should ask how they can do it which would direct them to search for solutions that would help them achieve their goals. I believe that by getting the children to have the right mindset and ask the right question, they are able to resolve challenges and achieve our potential. After coming into National Institute of Education (NIE) for training, my philosophy has not changed. Rather, it has been further enhanced and strengthened by the knowledge and skills gained through the different academic and curriculum subjects. Teaching and Managing Learners has provided valuable knowledge and tips about effective communication, classroom and sitting arrangement and classroom management so that learners with different learning abilities or special needs can learn together. For meaningful learning to take place, the environment has to be safe and inclusive. From prior knowledge acquired in the Education Psychology module, I can better understand the psychosocial challenge or crisis faced by the learners in the different developmental stages (Erikson, 1968). So as a beginning teacher, I need to know what kind of safe and inclusive environment is best so that everyone can learn and achieve their own best; an environment that the learners can learn without fear and at their own pace. It was interesting to see how each group present their own ideas during class. Some did it through picture, some through words and the music teachers did it through music. All these give me ideas on how I can create such an environment. But most importantly, the environment has to be owned by the students. The whole class has to agree to a set of acceptable behaviour and consequences. This will set the ground rules and routines for a constructive learning environment. As there may be learners with different learning or physical disabilities, I must ensure that the classroom arrangement is such that it would accommodate the special needs of the learners. Learners with hearing impairments must be placed in front and conscious effort must be made to pronounce the words carefully. For learners who are easily distracted, they should be seated away from areas of high activity like the door and windows. And for learners who are left-handed, they should preferably sit on the left hand side of the table arrangement. Besides academic, learners also need to learn proper social behaviour and values. Learners see teachers as their role models. So, if the teacher is sensitive and caring to the children, they too will learn how to show care and concern to each other. And through activities like collaborative learning, peer teaching, think-pair-share, the children learn about sharing and cooperation. These are values which are important to their future and can be taught through daily interaction and activities with the learners. Hence, meaningful lesson plan is very important. As learners may come from diverse social economic background, I need to ensure that each is given opportunity and access to the many different technologies and gadgets. With a well-planned classroom layout, different activities can be carried out simultaneously and smoothly. I can make the classroom more efficient for activities to encourage differentiated learning. Learners with learning disability also learn better through interactive and interesting computer games and gadgets. So together with knowledge learned from the ICT for Meaningful Learning module, I can better use ICT to enhance the learning experience of the learners. A good classroom layout also facilitates smooth transition of one activity to another and great classroom management skill. Besides the learning environment, the teachers ability to deliver the content is also very important to their learning. Teachers should not just teach content, they should also check for understanding while teaching. To check for understanding, the learners must be able to explain with new examples and apply the concept in other areas. This understanding process is a continuous one ((Blythe Associates, 1998). Managing small-group and independent work is an important skill for the teacher so as to ensure that the lesson can be carried out smoothly. I know that praise is important to learners as it reinforces good behavior and reaffirm their effort in learning. Through this course, I also realize that there are different types of praise. Ginott (1965) divided praises into evaluative and appreciative. He suggested that appreciative praise should be used as it affirms their effort and achievement. Evaluative praise should be avoided as it places a burden on the learner that he is no good if certain thing is not done (Manning, 2007). Communication is another important factor to encourage teaching and learning. While we want to build rapport with our learners, we must also be able to assert expected behaviors from them. This course also provides tips on how we can use positive and effective communication to create such an environment that encourages learning. When we have understanding and open communication with our learners, they are more willing to keep on learning. Punishment should be discouraged as it only tries to avoid future punishment instead of learning self-discipline. Sarcasm and ridicule should also be avoided as it destroys their self-confidence and self-esteem. Besides the teachers, other partners like the parents, caregivers or tuition teachers also play an important role in the learners learning process. Communication and collaboration among these parties is crucial regardless whether the child has any learning disability or special need. It is very important that all parties monitor and intervene or seek help from experts should they notice that there is little progress in their learning. When there is communication and common understanding, a common approach can then be used at home, in school or in the tuition agency. When the learners are not confused, they can learn better. As a PE teacher, not only do I need to maintain a great learning environment in the classroom, I also need to have great management skill outside the classroom. Through the other PE modules like Principles of Games, Instructional Methods and Instructional Strategies, I now have a vast repertoire of activities and variations that can cater to the different learners of different ability. Activities can be differentiated to suit the different skill level of the diverse learners. Activities can also be modified to cater to the learners with physical disabilities. I am now more confident to be able to conduct meaningful and enjoyable lessons which train their fundamental movement skills crucial for their growth and development. I believe that every child wants to learn and can learn, especially if it is fun. So with the training in NIE, I am able to create an environment that is conducive and fun for learning, a place where the learners like to come to learn and share. I can design and plan lessons that are both meaningful and fun and cater to the differentiated learners in the class. I hope to be able to equip my learners with the necessary skills and correct mindset to succeed and be the best that they can be. (Word count: 1999)

big bang theory Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Big Bang theory states that all the matter that is in the universe was once in a very small amount of space with infinite temperature, pressure, and density. This theory is well supported and there are many reason for it’s support. One main reason is that no one really has a clue and The Big Bang Theory seems far fetched but more reasonable than any other ideas that there are out there. Some of the important thing to know about the big bang to understand are the beginning and the few seconds immediately after the actually bang. Also what generally has happened since the then. It is important to know theories of how it will end as well, and to get a well rounded opinion, I feel it useful to have some of the other possibilities outlined. The best place to start is the beginning.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the things that cosmologists are not yet sure about is the Big Bang itself. It is not yet possible to give a definitive answer to the questions: what was the Big Bang and why did it happen? However, there has been a great deal of speculation recently on this subject, and it may not be long before a definitive, or almost definitive, answer will be declared. For the moment we will simply take the Big Bang as it is given, a huge explosion in which time and space began expanding. It is important to realize that space itself originated in the Big Bang. IT is tempting to think of the universe before the Big Bang as being a vast, infinite, expanse of empty space, like the space between the galaxy clusters today. The Big Bang, then, would have flung matter into this nothingness, but this is not what happened. Space itself was created during the Big Bang. Einstein and all subsequent cosmologists have viewed space as being as real as matter. In fact, physicists now v iew empty space as a sea of â€Å"virtual particles†. So space is now expanding along with the galaxies and stars that exist with it and has been expanding ever since the Big Bang.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Actually, cosmologists actually have a clearer picture of what the universe was like during the period right after the Big Bang than they are about the universe today. The reason for this is universe was very simple, in comparison, then. The universe was filled with a hot soup of particles like a hot gas trapped in a box. The photons in the cosmic microwave bac... ...re is only so much energy available in the universe for the building of new stars. Just as the law of thermodynamics tell us that a closed universe can’t go on forever, so they tell us that new stars cannot go on being created forever in an open universe. Eventually the last star will die out and will not be replace. The proton will eventually decay. After about a billion billion billion billion years, all atoms will fall apart, and matter as we know it will cease to exist. The universe will be a vast sea of leptons and messenger particles.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One main, but unsupported, theory is that the universe was created by God. This theory is not excepted in the scientific community because in has no evidence to back it up. That doesn’t mean it isn’t a possibility. There are a few other theories of the creations of the universe, but no other theories are as excepted as the big bang theory. Some of the important stuff to know that I have covered is the eras right after the Big Bang, the Big Bang it self and a few of the possible endings to the universe. I hope with this information you can have a better understanding of the universe, its creation, and it’s endings.

Constitutional Law and European Integration

There are few cases that rival Factortame in being concurrently substantively clear and decisive, and perplexing as to its full impact. The scope of the change to the UK constitution that has been instigated by it and other European Court of Justice decisions has been conceptualised as ranging from a ‘legal evolution’ to ‘revolution’. Although some theories are more convincing than others, each faces its own weaknesses.However, notwithstanding the conclusion of this particular speculative debate, the processes of European integration has undoubtedly quickened the pace at which UK Parliament and courts as part of a globalised world have had to squarely confront these constitutional changes, especially the departure from Parliament’s stronghold over the constitution. A Diceyan view of the UK constitution is no longer compatible with the current relationship between UK and EU law.It was decided in Factortame and confirmed in Equal Opportunities Commissio n, that the implications of the European Communities Act 1972 s. 2(4) is that EU law has supremacy in the case of clashes between EU and national laws. Within the orthodox view that Parliament is absolutely sovereign, inconsistencies between Acts of Parliament are to be dealt with by applying the doctrine of explicit or implied repeal to give effect to the later Act which is simply another illustration of how no Parliament can bind its successors.It would never have been open to national courts to declare provisions within primary statute incompatible with EC law either temporarily or permanently as it is today. However, so long as UK remains a part of the EU, EU law will prevail when inconsistencies arise and any derogation from this position will have to be done expressly and unequivocally. Therefore, even if the current position of Parliamentary sovereignty cannot clearly be defined, Factortame and EOC alone emphasise the unworkability of a Diceyan view of Parliamentary sovereign ty in an European context.A radical but yet convincing argument that conceptualises the constitutional implications suggests that, EU law is able to place a substantive limit on Parliament’s law making authority on overlapping areas because being a member state has partially changed the rule of recognition of Parliamentary sovereignty. Although this necessitates presupposing Parliamentary sovereignty is a legal principle, not a purely political one, it seems justified because instead of accepting Parliament to be sovereign merely by its existence, it allows for a justification based on normative rguments. This is important considering that the UK is a modern democracy and intrinsically different to the state it was in when the doctrine of Parliamentary sovereignty was originally developed. Being a legal phenomenon, the scope of Parliamentary sovereignty evolves through the judgments of the court which provides a more balanced and legitimate decision than considering just a po litical aspect because the political realities are still considered but are weighted against other principles such as the rule of obedience to statutes.Furthermore, courts are gradually developing the idea that the authority of Parliament to make law is something that is subject to, and therefore controllable by constitutional law. For example, in the domestic case of Anisminic, the scope of Parliament’s authority to confer on public authorities powers which are not subject to judicial review was sharply limited. Thus, the effect of ECJ decisions on the constitution has been to develop it to a stage where Parliament is no longer sovereign at times when, and only when, inconsistencies between EU and national law occur within a field where both laws operate.On the other hand, Sir William Wade would argue that ‘constitutional revolution’ rather than a mere evolution has resulted. However, this argument is not only at odds with Lord Bridge’s judgement but lack s plausibility in itself. He explains that the courts have acted unconstitutionally and shifted their allegiance because Parliamentary sovereignty being a ‘rule of recognition’and a solely political norm, is a constitutional fixture which may only be ‘diminished’ as a matter of practical politics.There is a real difficulty in accepting this because it would suggest judicial whim may reverse a commitment that was reached democratic consensus among all branches of government and wider society through public referendum. This formidable weakness of Sir William Wade’s argument supports viewing Parliamentary sovereignty as, at least partly, a legal concept. Although the theory that it is possible for the EU to place substantive limits to Parliamentary sovereignty accommodates the ‘voluntary’ contractual argument and ‘functional requirement of EU’ arguments that Lord Bridge presents, it is not without limitations either.It fits wel l with Lord Bridge’s alternative reasonings because they suggest that Parliament does have the power to limit its own powers and that the present conflict should be tackled on principled bases. This is important because legal phenomenon arise out of case law and albeit sparse, his judgment was the only one to address the topic. However, the persuasiveness of this argument is reduced by the fact that it simply leads us to another equally difficult question of what legal means set the width of its powers.The judges themselves seem to be in disagreement amongst each other about this as Lord Hope says ‘measures enacted by Parliament’ itself whereas Laws LJ says the unwritten constitution as interpreted by the judges which seems legitimate but in practical terms, leaves everything just as uncertain. So far only the implications of ECJ case law has been discussed but there are other elements to European integration such as the doctrine of direct effect and the European Union Act 2011 which have affected the development of the UK constitution.These developments suggest that the â€Å"new view† is the most plausible representation of Parliamentary sovereignty today because referendum locks and the possibility for individuals to present a case in national courts on law derived from sources other than Parliament present limitations on Parliamentary sovereignty but not in the substantive sense discussed above. Proponents of the â€Å"new view† view that ultimate sovereignty remains with Parliament but it may have to conform to certain manner and form limitations.The appealing factor of this model is that it also accommodates for the limitations that Human Rights Act proposes on Parliamentary legal authority as well. Yet it is problematic in that the EU has explicitly stated in s2 of the ECA that on at least an EU level, Union law is regarded as supreme and this theory fails to encompass this dimension of the relationship between domestic and EU law. Most importantly, it accentuates how the increasingly multi-layered nature of the constitution must be taken into account in the broader debate.The holding of a point of absolute power faces pressure from outside as well as inside the nation. When the broader question of whether we should be edging away from political and towards a more legal constitution is considered in light of the multi-tiered constitutionalism arising from the Parliamentary Acts of 1911 & 1949, Human Rights Act, Devolution as well as EU membership, it would seem that to maintain a wholly political view of Parliamentary sovereignty in any context would be to deny reality.However, anything more exact requires us to assess what balance between adaptability and elasticity from maintaining a political constitution, and protected rights and principles from a legal constitution will provide the checks and balances necessary in dealing with the legal and political challenges of today. Due to declining publ ic reputation of Parliament and diminishing respect for political process generally, as well as the aim of Parliamentary sovereignty having originally been to secure the broadest possible basis for ensuring democracy and legitimacy, we may not have to be so uneasy about adopting a more legal constitution.The UK constitution must embrace the emphasis it has always placed on a dynamic experience and once again, like with the case of devolution, make a smooth transition before political repercussions manifest themselves. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. R v Secretary of State for Transport ex parte Factortame Ltd [1990] ECR I-2433 [ 2 ]. Paul Craig, ‘Britain in the European Union’ in The Changing Constitution (7th ed, 2011) pg120 [ 3 ]. HWR Wade, ‘Sovereignty- Revolution or Evolution? ’ [1996] 112 LQR 568 [ 4 ].R v Secretary of State for Employment ex parte Equal Opp ortunities Commission [1995] 1 AC 1 [ 5 ]. HWR Wade, ‘The Basis of Legal Sovereignty’ [1955] CLJ 174 [ 6 ]. Paul Craig, pg121 [ 7 ]. 17th century –Glorious Revolution, Bill of Rights [ 8 ]. TRS Allan, ‘Parliamentary Sovereignty: Law, Politics, and Revolution’ [1997] 113 LQR 447 [ 9 ]. Mark Elliott and Robert Thomas, ‘Public Law’ (2011, Oxford) pg334 [ 10 ]. Anisminic v Foreign Compensation Commission [1969] 2 AC 147 [ 11 ]. Wade, ‘Sovereignty- Revolution or Evolution? ’ [ 12 ]. HLA Hart, ‘The Concept of Law’ (1996, Claredon Press) [ 13 ].Wade, ‘Sovereignty- Revolution or Evolution? ’ [ 14 ]. UK European Communities membership referendum 1975 [ 15 ]. Lord Bridge in Factortame [ 16 ]. Paul Craig ‘Britain in the European Union’ in Jowell and Oliver (eds) TheChanging Constitution (7th edn, Oxford, 2007) pg 121 [ 17 ]. Jackson v Attorney-General [2005] UKHL 56 [ 18 ]. Thoburn v Sunderland Ci ty Council [2002] EWHC 195 [ 19 ]. Sir I. Jennings, The Law and the Constitution (1959) ch. 4 [ 20 ]. Jonathan Sumption ‘Judicial and Political Decision-making: The Uncertain Boundary’ [2011] Judicial Review 301

College Accreditation Research Paper - 1796 Words

Marketing Research Accreditation Research Project April 25, 2011 Being accredited is how an institution is recognized as a university having a legitimate degree program. The value of the degree you receive is based upon accreditation, college ranking, and the perception of the institutions image in organizations and society. As my problem statement I would like to find out what the value of accreditation is, what it takes to become accredited, maintain accreditation, and why some degrees from accredited institutions are not recognized by other institutions and business organizations. Some research objectives I would like to achieve would be to find out if the loss of credits in the transfer from school to school is due to different†¦show more content†¦According to an article written in the New York Times, and quoted in a higher education watchdog website, â€Å"scores of students are dropping out of the University of Phoenix, the largest chain of for-profit colleges in the country, fed up because their academic experiences bear no rese mblance to the promises that were made to them by duplicitous recruiters. Most of these students are leaving hugely indebted. Contributing to the poor graduation rate, current and former students who studied at University of Phoenix campuses or online complained of instructional shortcuts, unqualified professors, and recruiting abuses† (Burd, 1). There are some business organizations that do not recognize them as a credible education system. For example, I worked for the insurance company Geico, and they offered tuition reimbursement if you attend an accredited university. However because of their unorthodox style of teaching, and not being a traditional four year university, they did not recognize them as a legitimate university and would not reimburse any tuition. All of the accrediting organizations are overseen by an organization called CHEA, the Council for Higher Education Accreditation. CHEA ensures that all the regulations and standards are uniform throughout the agencies, and based on their definition, all the organizations shouldShow MoreRelatedSenior Vice President For Accreditation And Quality Assurance At Letourneau University ( Letu )1666 Words   |  7 PagesThis letter is sent in response to your announcement of a search for an Associate Vice President for Accreditation and Quality Assurance at LeTourneau University (LETU). 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